Antibody detection is a research area that focuses on identifying and measuring the presence of specific antibodies in biological samples such as blood or saliva. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system in response to the presence of foreign substances (antigens) such as pathogens or toxins. By detecting antibodies, researchers can assess an individual's immune response to infection, vaccination, or autoimmune diseases. This research area is important for diagnosing infectious diseases, monitoring vaccine effectiveness, and studying immune responses in various health conditions. Antibody detection techniques include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence, and western blotting.